Which vaccines provide sterilising immunity?

Vaccines have been a cornerstone in the fight against infectious diseases, saving countless lives and preventing widespread outbreaks. Among the various types of immunity that vaccines can induce, sterilising immunity stands out as the most desirable. Sterilising immunity refers to the complete protection against a pathogen, ensuring that the vaccinated individual cannot contract the disease even after exposure. This article explores which vaccines are known to provide sterilising immunity and their significance in public health.

Measles vaccine

One of the most effective vaccines that induce sterilising immunity is the measles vaccine. Measles is a highly contagious virus that can lead to severe complications, including pneumonia and encephalitis. The measles vaccine, typically given in the form of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine, offers long-lasting protection against the virus. After vaccination, individuals develop sterilising immunity, making them immune to the disease even if they come into contact with the virus.

Polio vaccine

The polio vaccine is another example of a vaccine that provides sterilising immunity. Polio is a viral disease that can cause paralysis and even death. The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and the oral polio vaccine (OPV) both induce sterilising immunity, protecting individuals from the disease. Once vaccinated, individuals cannot contract polio, which is crucial in controlling and eradicating the disease globally.

Varicella vaccine

The varicella vaccine, which protects against chickenpox, is also known to provide sterilising immunity. Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease that can lead to severe complications, particularly in children and adults with weakened immune systems. After vaccination, individuals develop sterilising immunity against the virus, preventing them from contracting chickenpox and reducing the risk of spreading the disease to others.

Smallpox vaccine

Smallpox is a highly contagious and deadly disease that was eradicated globally through widespread vaccination efforts. The smallpox vaccine, which induces sterilising immunity, played a crucial role in eradicating the disease. While smallpox no longer poses a threat, the vaccine is still used to protect individuals against the monkeypox virus, which is closely related to smallpox.

Conclusion

Sterilising immunity provided by vaccines is a powerful tool in preventing infectious diseases and controlling outbreaks. The measles, polio, varicella, and smallpox vaccines are prime examples of vaccines that offer sterilising immunity, protecting individuals and communities from life-threatening diseases. As vaccine research continues to advance, it is essential to prioritize the development of vaccines that induce sterilising immunity to ensure global health and well-being.