Preparation for Purified Protein Derivative Administration- A Nurse’s Comprehensive Approach
A nurse is preparing to administering purified protein derivative (PPD), a diagnostic test used to detect tuberculosis (TB). The PPD test involves injecting a small amount of the purified protein derivative into the skin, usually on the forearm, and observing for a reaction after 48 to 72 hours. This article will discuss the importance of the PPD test, the procedure involved, and the role of the nurse in ensuring accurate results.
The PPD test is a crucial tool in the diagnosis of TB, a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. Early detection and treatment of TB are essential to prevent its spread and reduce mortality rates. The nurse plays a vital role in this process by ensuring that the PPD test is administered correctly and that patients receive the appropriate follow-up care.
Before administering the PPD, the nurse must gather all necessary supplies, including the PPD reagent, a syringe, a needle, alcohol swabs, and gloves. The nurse should also review the patient’s medical history to ensure that they are a suitable candidate for the test. Individuals with a history of severe allergies, particularly to the ingredients in the PPD, should not undergo the test.
Once the patient is prepared, the nurse will clean the injection site with an alcohol swab to reduce the risk of infection. The nurse will then don gloves and prepare the PPD reagent by mixing it according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The nurse will choose a suitable injection site, typically the forearm, and mark the injection point with a pen.
The nurse will hold the syringe in one hand and the needle in the other, ensuring that the needle is pointing away from the body. The nurse will then inject the PPD into the patient’s skin at the marked site using a rapid, but controlled, motion. The injection should be shallow, just beneath the skin’s surface.
After the injection, the nurse will apply gentle pressure to the site to prevent bleeding and apply a bandage. The patient will be advised to avoid scratching the injection site, as this can lead to infection. The nurse will also provide instructions on when to return for follow-up, typically 48 to 72 hours after the injection.
Following the PPD injection, the nurse’s role does not end. The nurse must monitor the patient for any adverse reactions, such as a severe allergic reaction or a false-positive result. If the patient develops a large, hard bump at the injection site, this may indicate a positive reaction to the PPD, suggesting that the patient has been exposed to TB. The nurse will then refer the patient to a healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment.
In conclusion, a nurse’s role in preparing to administer purified protein derivative is crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. By ensuring that the PPD test is administered correctly and that patients receive appropriate follow-up care, the nurse contributes to the successful management of this infectious disease.
