What do doctors prescribe for severe constipation?
Severe constipation can be a frustrating and uncomfortable condition that affects millions of people worldwide. When traditional remedies such as dietary changes and increased physical activity fail to alleviate symptoms, many patients turn to their doctors for prescription medication. In this article, we will explore the various prescription options that doctors may prescribe for severe constipation, including their mechanisms of action, benefits, and potential side effects.
1. Laxatives
Laxatives are the most common prescription medication for constipation. They work by increasing the frequency of bowel movements or softening the stool. There are several types of laxatives, each with its own mechanism of action:
–
Stimulants
: These laxatives work by stimulating the muscles in the intestines, causing them to contract and push stool through the digestive tract. Examples include bisacodyl (Dulcolax) and senna (Senokot).
–
Osmotics
: Osmotic laxatives draw water into the intestines, which softens the stool and increases bowel movements. Common osmotic laxatives include polyethylene glycol (Miralax) and magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia).
–
Stool Softeners
: Stool softeners make the stool more watery, which helps it pass more easily through the rectum. Docusate sodium (Colace) is a commonly prescribed stool softener.
–
Emollients
: Emollients work by attracting water to the stool, making it softer and easier to pass. Lubiprostone (Lubrilax) is an example of an emollient laxative.
2. Enemas
Enemas are another option for treating severe constipation. They work by introducing fluid into the rectum, which stimulates bowel movements. There are two types of enemas:
–
Sodium phosphate enemas
: These enemas work by drawing water into the intestines, causing the stool to become soft and pass more easily. However, they should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider due to potential side effects.
–
Saline enemas
: Saline enemas work by increasing the pressure in the rectum, which stimulates bowel movements. They are less harsh than sodium phosphate enemas and are often used for short-term relief.
3. Probiotics
Probiotics are live microorganisms that are beneficial for the gut. Some studies suggest that probiotics can help improve constipation by restoring the balance of gut bacteria. Probiotics may be prescribed in the form of supplements or through probiotic-rich foods.
4. Medications for underlying conditions
In some cases, severe constipation may be caused by an underlying condition, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), hypothyroidism, or diabetes. In these cases, treating the underlying condition may alleviate constipation symptoms. For example, thyroid hormone replacement therapy may be prescribed for hypothyroidism, while medications to manage IBS symptoms may help improve constipation.
Conclusion
When dealing with severe constipation, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment. Prescription medications, such as laxatives, enemas, probiotics, and medications for underlying conditions, can provide relief for those struggling with this uncomfortable and persistent issue. Always follow your doctor’s advice and guidance when taking prescription medications to ensure safe and effective treatment.
