What happens physically to a person who gets diphtheria is a complex and potentially dangerous process. Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which primarily affects the throat and nose. When a person contracts diphtheria, the bacteria produce a toxin that can lead to a range of physical symptoms and complications.
Initially, individuals with diphtheria may experience symptoms similar to those of a common cold or strep throat, such as a sore throat, cough, runny nose, and fever. However, as the infection progresses, the physical changes become more pronounced. The most distinctive physical sign of diphtheria is the formation of a thick, grayish-white pseudomembrane on the tonsils, roof of the mouth, and back of the throat. This membrane is a result of the bacteria’s toxin and can obstruct the airway, leading to difficulty breathing and swallowing.
Beyond the throat, diphtheria can also affect other parts of the body. The toxin can spread through the bloodstream, causing a condition known as diphtheritic toxemia. This can lead to a range of systemic symptoms, including heart palpitations, high blood pressure, and even heart failure. Additionally, the toxin can affect the nervous system, resulting in muscle weakness, paralysis, and difficulty speaking or swallowing.
Complications of diphtheria can be severe and may include airway obstruction, pneumonia, myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), and kidney failure. In some cases, diphtheria can also lead to the development of a condition called diphtheritic paralysis, where the muscles become progressively weaker and may eventually become paralyzed.
Given the serious physical consequences of diphtheria, early detection and treatment are crucial. Antibiotics can help control the infection, while antitoxin therapy can counteract the effects of the toxin. Vaccination against diphtheria is also a vital preventive measure, as it can significantly reduce the risk of infection and its associated physical and health complications.
In conclusion, what happens physically to a person who gets diphtheria is a combination of local and systemic symptoms, with the potential for severe complications. Understanding the physical manifestations of diphtheria can help individuals seek timely medical attention and take steps to prevent the spread of this dangerous infection.
